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Marble Hole

Why wasn’t the matter before the Big Bang a black hole?

In hypothetical terms, before the Big Bang occurred, apparently all of the matter in the universe was condensed into a small dot, perhaps the size of a marble, perhaps the size of a period or smaller. Why wasn’t this large amount of tightly condensed matter a black hole? It seems that it would have been, given that the current black holes do not have nearly as much matter in them. And why did this matter explode in the Big Bang? Something with such a strong gravitational field that no light can escape would not explode and release matter, would it?

The theory comes from applying our knowledge of physics, chemistry, etc., to a hypothesis called the Primordial Atom Hypothesis.

The name of the hypothesis (and the manner in which it came about) gave many the impression that all ‘matter’ was compressed into one dot.

However, as we go back in time towards the origin of the universe and apply what we know, we find that at some point, the universe must have been so hot that matter could not exist. Only energy.
Then, even closer to the beginning, it was so hot that even the fundamental forces could not exist.

Hotter still until the temperature reaches a point when we can no longer understand what ‘hotter’ means.

This temperature is called the ‘Planck Temperature’. At that temperature, there is so much energy that every single point in the universe would be a black hole. (Look up Planck Temperature on wikipedia).

And we are not all the way back to time zero yet (even though we are extremely close to it — look up ‘Planck Time’). The only think we know for sure is that we can’t go back further (or hotter, same thing) with our present understanding of physics.

This state (where every single point is a black hole) would represent the ‘singularity’). If the universe is infinite, then it would have been already infinite at that time. It is the part that we can see (the so-called ‘visible universe’ now measuring 14 billion light-years in proper distance) that was maybe as small as a point or not much bigger. The universe itself (the whole thing) could have been already infinite.

If every single point is a black hole, then every single point is part of its neighbors’ event horizons. This could mean that each point is an individual black hole. That would make them versy small black holes indeed.

If we are to use Hawking’s idea on black hole evaporation (the smaller the black hole, the faster it evaporates) then a black hole the size of a point would evaporate immediately. An infinite number of infinitesimal black holes would all evaporate simultaneously. That is enough energy to trigger the expansion of a whole universe.

It is during the expansion, as the temperature cools, that the fundamental forces ‘condense’ first, then matter: very simple stuff at first — the elements that we know today like Oxygen, Carbon and so on, were made inside stars much later.

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The name ‘Big Bang’ was given to the theory by an adversary of the theory. He wanted to make fun of the theory and to cause confusion. Everybody knew that you could not have an explosion unless there was already a universe to explode into (meaning the Big Bang could not be beginning). The confusion part did work since there are still a lot of people who think that ‘Big Bang’ means an explosion.

There was no initial explosion. Only an expansion that is still going on.

Tennessee’s Annual Rolley Hole Marbles Tournament

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